How was ARW class?

I could learn about the perception and the race. These issues exist for a long time, but people start to solve recently. Also these problems happen because of people's mind. I'm interested in others' opinion toward these issue, and it was good that we discussed about them.
In addition to the reading, I learned the way of writing academic essay. I had a trouble of citation,  but I can use some useful sites. And how long it is whenever I write the academic essay, I should write it step by step. What I want to improve next time is my English and using examples effectively. It is easy to understand my English, but it is childish. I'd like to write in smart English. Also, I use the examples in my essay, but I just suggested them. I should explain and interpret them more.

Final Edited Essay

The Northern Territories: Suggestion of the Compromise

Figure 1. Comparison of the prices of Salmons. Personal photograph by the author. 9 Oct.2011.

Do you want the Northern Territories to return even if the prices of fish rise? The figure 1 below was taken 9th October at a supermarket in Tokyo. It shows that the upper salmon, which was domestic, is more expensive than the bottom one which was from Russia. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA), the Northern Territories consist of  Etorofu Island, Kunashiri Island, Shikotan Island, Habomai Islands and they were invaded and occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War II (“Overview”). Japan mentioned the current situation of the Northern Territories is that Russia continues the illegal occupation of the Northern Territories today, in spite of the great changes that nation has undergone, including the collapse of the Soviet Union and the birth of the Russian Federation (“Issue”). According to the survey of residents of Nemuro by Akihiro Iwashita, professor of Hokkaido University, 65% answered that Japan should reconsider the Japanese position which four all islands should be returned at the same time, and also 86% of them think two islands should be returned first and after that continue the returning of the rest of the islands (Iwashita). Recently, on 18th March according to “Курилы надо отдавать (Kuriles should give)” which is written by the Московский комсомолец (the Moskovsky Komsomolets), Russian newspaper said Russia should return all of the Northern Territories without any conditions to soften great grief of Japanese after the great earthquake on 3.11. Russian attitude toward this dispute seems to be softening because of the disaster(“Курилы”). However, according to Hiroyuki Fuse, The Yomiuri, Vladimir Putin announced the running for election of the Russian president and seems to become it. He has suggested “two islands return” for a long time, but from in September 2005 when he said all 4 islands are Russian and that is the outcome of WWII, Russia increased the budget and is developing the infrastructure(“Tsuyoi”). It is more difficult to now achieve the return of 4 full islands of the Northern Territories. After the WWⅡ, although Japan and Russia have consulted for a long time, the Northern Territories are owned by Russia now. Thus Japan should give up the return of the Northern Territories. This is because of the attitude of Russia, economical benefit and the residents in the Northern Territories from Russia.

The history of the Northern Territories is complex. Originally Ainu people lived in the Northern territories before Japanese people recognized the Northern Territories earlier than Russian, emigrated there and governed these islands gradually. In 1855, Japan and Russia entered into the treat of Shimoda peacefully and friendly and was sure to the border between Etorofu Island and Urup Island, which have been fixed naturally (Suide 199- 210). However, during WWII, Russia decided to fight against Japan on 8th August and began to invaded and occupied the all Northern Territories during from 25th August to 5th September even after Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration. Although 17,000 people lived in the Northern Territories, they were forced to leave the islands and moved to Hokkaido. After that, Russia has governed the Northern Territories (“Overview”). On treat peace with Japan reject the right of the Chishima islands which are not include the Northern Territories in 1951(“Sanfransisco”). Also, on Soviet-Japanese joint declaration in 1956 Soviet will return two islands, Habomai and Shikotan islands after the conclusion of peace treaty(“Preface”). Soviet-Japanese joint declaration is the better compromise but Japanese government want the four all islands so a peace treaty has not concluded yet.

There are two reasons of the Northern Territories dispute. One is because of the different perception toward the day war ended. Japan think it is 15th august when the WWII ended. However Russia considered it is 2nd September when Japan signed the Potsdam Declaration (“Tsuyoi”). The other reason is the Russian invasion against the Soviet-Japan Neutrality Pact. Japan said it is illegal that Russia invaded because Russia broke the agreement. On the other hands, Russia said that it is during war, so this invasion is acceptable. Thus, the Northern Territories have difficult background.  

Japan’s position toward the issue of the Northern Territories is that the islands belong to Japan which are never belong to foreign country and Japan continues to negotiate with Russia persistently based on the consistent policy to solve the issue and conclude the peace treaty (“Overview”). Most Japanese think that all four of the Northern Territories are Japanese territories because Japan governed there for a long time, based on the International low it is legal that the Northern Territories are Japanese islands(Hara and Jukes 1-5), people lived in there and were gone away after the WWII (Suzuki).  Japanese continues the action of returning to enlighten the public opinion, for example, a campaign to collect signatures, institute the national day of the Northern Territories on 7th February, build the statue of the Northern Territories at the Nosappu Promontory in Nemuro and decided on a symbol mark (“Hennkann”). Japanese people insist that the Northern Territories are Japanese and keep the action of returning.

However, Japan have continued the negotiation for over 60 years after the WWII and Japanese have consist and common opinion toward the Northern Territories issue (“Overview”),  but it has no effect and Russia will not return all four of islands of the Northern Territories to Japan (“Tsuyoi”), so Japan should give up them and find a happy medium. This is because of three reasons, the attitude of Russia, economical benefit and resident from Russia.
First, Russi’s attitude toward the Northern Territories issue is a firm approach which Russia would not return the Northern Territories. It shows the policy of Putin. He said that the all four of islands are Russian it is the outcome of the WWII and no room to discuss in September 2005 (Fuse). Russia enforced the military power in the Northern Territories ("Yonntou“). Moreover, Russia increased the budget of the Kuril included the Northern Territories to develop the infrastructure and increase the population from 19,000 now to 28,000~30,000 by 2015 and around 800 billion yen (“Russia”). It shows that Russia will promote the tourism and fish by Russia self. Thus, Russia will not return the Northern Territories.
Second, there are not any benefit from the Northern Territories but much loss now. Concerning the fish, Japanese fisherman are given the right to fish near the sea of the Northern Territories even limited quantities and extent (Kaminaga). However if they break the limitation in some how, they are seized and took to Russia . For example, one ship named 31st Kisshin-maru that was caching crab near the Nemuro and 3people were caught and one person shot and dead because of illegal crab fishing (“Russian”).  Another example is the resources, oil. It is said that the oil under the ground of the Northern Territories, and some Japanese want the return of the all four of islands because of the resources and suggest the cooperation of mining. However, collaboration of exploitation resources is more problematic and it includes the many problems like language, investment, workers and profit. Basically, it is surprised that oil deposits under the Northern Territories are just one year of the consumption of Japan(“Daiyuden”). It is less meaning in the point of the benefit of the resources. As these examples show, Japan does not receive any benefit from the Northern Territories now.

Third, there are Russian people who live in the Northern Territories. According to the association of the Northern Territories, 16,796 people live in the Northern Territories 1st January in 2005. This number is similar as the number of the former resident from Japan who lived there(“Jinnkou”). If the Northern Territories are returned to Japan, what should Japan do for the Russian resident? Japanese government said that Japan will respect human rights, profit and requests of the Russian residents after the returning of the Northern Territories (“Overview”). However, it looks like thoughtless that Russian resident could hope to keep living in there and Japan cannot make them go away. Because Japan has no specific idea about the resident from Russia, the Northern Territories should not return to Japan.

In conclusion, Japan should give up the Northern Territories because of the three reasons, that Russia will not return the Northern Territories, that Japan could gain partial benefit against no benefit now and that the problem of the resident of the Northern Territories from Russia. It could be better that Japan suggest the compromise which is the right of the fish without fear of being caught or the right of visit the Northern Territories freely to visit to a grave and hometown in stead of the returning the four all islands. One Japanese resident who was gone away said “End of the WWII has not finished yet”(Takahashi).

Works Cited

Fuse, Hiroyuki. "Putin Kaerizaki, Hoppouryoudo ‘2tou Hennkann’ ha Kakonomono [Putin Comeback: Returning of the two Islands of the Northern Territories is in the past]." The Yomiuri. Google. N.p., 6 Oct. 2011. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yomiuri.co.jp%2Fjob%2Fbiz%2Fcolumnworld%2F20111004-OYT8T00657.htm%3Ffrom%3Dnavlc&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFD7dIxs9Iibmmhs6tHVTe7uAH3ig>.

Hara, Kimie, and Jukes,Geoffrey. “Northern territories, Asia-Pacific Regional Conflicts and the Åland Experience: Untying the Kurillian knot.” New York: Routledge, 2009. Print.

“Hoppouryoudo Hennkann Yokkyuu Unndou [The Action of the Desire to Return the Northern Territories].” Northern Territories Affairs Administration.N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www8.cao.go.jp/hoppo/henkan/01.html>.

“Hoppouryoudo Shuuhenn ni Daiyudenn? Roshia Jinn Gakusha Ronnbunn wo Happyou he [Large oil Fields around the Northern Territories? Russian Scholar to announce].” Environment, Nature and science [Hokkaido] 8 July 2008. Print.

Iwashita, Akihiro. “Questionnaire of the Nemuro in July 2005”. Hokkaido. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no15/page03_16.pdf>.

Kaminaga, Eisuke. “Sennsou to Gyogyou: ‘Hokuyou Gyogyou’no Rekishi wo Toinaosu [Fish and War: Questioning the History of ‘the North Sea fishery’].” Roshia no naka no Ajia/ Ajia no naka no Roshia 3 (2006): 25-45. Print.  

"Курилы надо отдавать - Россия МК [Kuriles should give]." Московский Комсомолец: происшествия, общество, культура, мнения, интервью МК. N.p., 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.mk.ru/politics/russia/article/2011/03/17/573539-kurilyi-nado-otdavat.html>.

Japan. MOFA. “Overview of the Issue of the Northern Territories." Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan(MOFA). N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/russia/territory/overview.html>.

---. "Preface." Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA). N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/russia/territory/edition92/preface.html>.

Northern Territories Issue Association. “Northern Territories Issue.” Shima no Kakehashi. N.p.,n.d.  Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.hoppou.go.jp/library/pamphlet/pdf/english.pdf>.

---. “Hoppouryoudo no Jinnkou [The Population of the Northern Territory]” Shima no Kakehashi. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakusyu/islands/index3.html>.

“Russian fire Kills Fisherman: Crew Member of Japanese boat shot off Northern Territories.” The Daily Yomiuri. LexisNexis Acadimic., 17 Aug. 2006. Web. 1 Nov. 2011.

“Russia to Focus on Developing Islands also Claimed by Japan” BBC Worldwide Monitoring. LexisNexis Academic., 29 Aug. 2006.Web. 1.Nov. 2011. <http://othmer.icu.ac.jp:2110/lnacui2api/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T13126013651&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=26&resultsUrlKey=29_T13125978150&cisb=22_T13126013654&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=37>.

"San Francisco Peace Treaty." Taiwan Documents Project Gateway. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.taiwandocuments.org/sanfrancisco01.htm>.

Suidu, Mitsuru. Hoppō Ryōdo Kaiketsu no Kagi: Moto Kita Chishima Shidan Sanbō no Jisshō to Teigen[The key to Resolving the Northern Territories Recommendation and Proof of Northern Kurils Division Staff]. ed. Tokyo: Kenkōsha, 1987. Print.

Suzuki, Sakiko. “Moto Touminn ga Kataru ‘Hoppouryoudo’[The Talk of Preresident of the Northern Territories].” Shima no Kakehashi. Northern Territories Issue Association, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakusyu/voice/sakiko.html>.

Takahashi, Takashi. “Mototouminn ga Kataru ‘Hoppouryoudo’[The Talk of the Preresident of the Northern Teeritories].” Shima no Kakehashi. Northern Territories Issue Association, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011 <http://www.hoppou.go.jp/gakusyu/voice/takahashi.html>.

“‘Tsuyoi Shidousha’ Kokunai ni Koji [Demonstrating Strong Leadership in the Country].” The Yomiuri 1 Nov. 2010: 2. Print.

"Yonntou no Gunnjiryoku Kyouka wo Kakuninn: Ryouyuu Konnkyo ha ‘Kokurennkennshou’[Check Strengthen the Military of the Four Islands: the Territorial Basis is UN Charter]." jiji.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. <http://www.jiji.com/jc/zc?k=201110/2011102200087>.

Shreeve

I agree with Shreeve that there are no exact measurement to detect the race. What we thought race is mixed gradually.

Diamond

I have two questions to the text of Diamond. First, it is out of the main point, he said that difference between species and race is whether a group of populations would interbreed other group or not. However, there are the example that break away this theory. 

It is an animal interbred between a pig and a sheep. 

It is "Liger" which is interbred between a lion and a tiger.

Like these, species interbreed other species. I know that there are another factors to detect the species. But the division of the species become unclear because of the development of the technology. I'd like to connect this fact with bioethics.

Second, Diamond suggest some alternative to detect the race, and human can be divided in many ways. But they are not easy to notice at one glance and they need scientific investigate like genes. If the group of race is useful for science, human should be divided. However, if the division leads discriminations, human should not be divided. What I want to say that human could be divided depend on the purpose,  for instance, for police evidence human can be divided based on finger print or skin color, for medical research based on digestion or resistance, for politic based on nationality.

Gould

I'm surprised that there is no traits having only one group. One trait may be observed another group or could not be seen all the member of a group. So what a division of race is detected by?
Of course there are no character of inferiority among race based on science, but people feel superior to another group. Blumenbach is not racist, but he said the Caucasian is the ancestor of human without evidence, which is shown that he regarded white is superior unconsciously. Japanese, include me, tend to think that the white are attractive and they longs to having light skins, a high-bridged nose which is the characters of the white.
Moreover, the black children tend to be regard the white are more beautiful than the black. Watching the movie below. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybDa0gSuAcg&feature=share>
I think that there are no racism among children, but even children attract the white.
There are long way for the no racism.

２０×２０ reflection

I made it easy to understand my presentation to less words, but too many pictures.

Also, the timer didn't work. That need to be improved.

My speech was unskillful, but try to speak loud voice and easy word.

It's OK because I could communicate my topic and opinion.

Outline

Need More Research!!!


Research Question
Should the Northern Territories (Hoppou Ryoudo) be reverted to Japan? How to solve?



Thesis Statement
After the WWⅡ, although Japan and Russia have consulted for a long time, the Northern Territories are owned by Russia now, so Japan should give up the return of the Northern Territories. This is for the following reasons:



1) In the perspective of economic, it is cheaper that Russian people do fishing and Japanese people buy them than that Japanese people do fishing by ourselves.



2) If the Northern Territories are returned, there are problem how to deal with the resident of the Northern Territories who are Russian.



Ⅰ. Introduction
A. the comparison the prices of fish between from Japan and Russia (Do you want the Northern Territories to return even if the prise of fish raise?)
B. Current situation of the Northern Territories
C. Thesis statement



Ⅱ. Why the problem of the northern Territories occurred? This is because:
A. the history of the Northern Territories
B. the difference of perception of the day end the WWⅡ
C. the consult of the Northern Territories between Japan and Russia



Ⅲ. Economically
A. the statistic of the fishing of Japan and Russia
B. the prospect of the price of fish when the Northern Territories return (It is cheaper that Russian people do fishing and Japanese people buy them than that Japanese people do fishing by ourselves).
C. Infra in the Northern Territories



Ⅳ. Russian people live in the Northern Territories.
A. the perspective of resident
B. How will Japan deal with the resident of the Northern Territories



Ⅴ. Oppossite
A. Interview
B. people who lived in the Northern Territories



Ⅵ.Conclusion
A. Repeat thesis and main point
B. Suggestion of compromise (the right to fish near the sea of the Northern Territories and go there freely)




my idea of priority of this problem:
the aging of people who lived in the Northern Territories. I’d like to solve it and get freedom of them for going there freely.